Fire strategies include compartmentation, fire-rated spandrels, vertical fire breaks, fire-resistant glazing, and compliant smoke control and ventilation details.
Integrate PV and shading with thermal breaks, structural reinforcement, drainage continuity, and electrical routes; pre-test mock-ups to validate performance.
Costs vary widely: repair and targeted replacements are cheapest short-term; retrofit and reclad are costlier but improve performance and reduce long-term maintenance.