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“Fire resistant” indicates a material’s inherent ability to withstand fire exposure—aluminum alloy, mineral wool, and gypsum are all non-combustible or fire-resistant. However, material-level performance doesn’t guarantee overall ceiling fire performance. “Fire rated” applies only to a complete ceiling assembly—including panels, backing, insulation, grid, sealants, and suspension hardware—that has been tested together and certified to resist fire for a specified duration (e.g., 60 or 120 minutes) under standards like ASTM E119 or EN 1364-2. Only fire-rated systems offer documented performance in real fire scenarios; mixing untested components or altering installation details can compromise safety and code compliance. In aluminum ceiling applications, manufacturers supply full fire-rated kits—every component engineered and validated—to ensure predictable, code-approved fire resistance.