How do metal wall systems help control thermal expansion and contraction in fluctuating desert temperatures?

Desert environments present wide diurnal temperature swings that drive thermal expansion and contraction in metal façades. Effective metal wall systems address these movements through design, material selection, and connection detailing. First, specify engineered expansion joints at logical locations (e.g., between long runs, at changes in geometry, and at penetrations) to accommodate linear movement without transferring stresses to adjacent panels or the substrate. Second, incorporate slotted or oversized fastener holes and floating clip systems that allow panels to slide laterally as they expand and contract; thermally-broken clips can also minimize heat transfer across the façade. Third, choose metal types and finishes with compatible coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) when combining different metals—mismatched CTEs cause differential movement and stress at joints. Aluminum’s CTE is higher than steel’s, so transitions must be detailed carefully. Fourth, use thermal breaks at attachment points to reduce thermal bridging while permitting movement. For insulated metal panels and composite systems, adhesive bonding and properly designed splines accommodate panel movement; select flexible sealants and gaskets rated for local temperature ranges to maintain waterproofing and air-tightness. Detailing around openings, corners, and long elevations should allow for both in-plane and out-of-plane movement—without compromising wind load resistance. In Riyadh, Abu Dhabi, and Central Asian desert cities, integrating movement allowances into early façade design prevents buckling, accelerated seal failure, and maintenance issues over the building lifetime.