What materials are commonly used in a curtain wall system and how do they affect performance?

A curtain wall system’s performance is dictated by the materials chosen for framing, anchors, glazing, thermal breaks, and seals. For metal curtain wall systems the primary framing material is typically extruded aluminum due to its favorable strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and formability; marine-grade stainless steel is used where higher tensile strength or corrosion resistance is required for anchors and brackets. The choice of aluminum alloy and temper affects structural stiffness and deflection characteristics under wind loads. Thermal performance is controlled by the inclusion of polyamide thermal breaks or insulating spacers, which reduce heat transfer through metal sections—critical for Middle Eastern climates with large solar gains. Glazing selection (laminated, tempered, double or triple glazing with low-e coatings and warm-edge spacers) directly influences U-values, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) and acoustic performance; spandrel areas often incorporate insulated metal panels with mineral wool or PIR where fire and thermal resistance are required. Sealant and gasket systems (silicone sealants, EPDM gaskets) determine weather-tightness and long-term durability; selecting UV-stable, high-movement-grade sealants is essential in hot, sun-drenched regions. Finishes such as anodizing or PVDF coatings prolong visual appearance and resist environmental degradation; for coastal projects or sites in Turkmenistan or Kazakhstan with industrial pollutants, enhanced pretreatment and thicker coatings are recommended. In sum, material choices in a metal curtain wall system should be driven by structural needs, thermal targets, fire requirements, and local exposure to deliver reliable market-leading performance.