What structural engineering considerations are critical when designing a glass facade for high-rise buildings?

High-rise glass facade design requires early coordination between structural and facade engineers to control stresses, movements and serviceability. Key considerations include accurate wind load assessments using site-specific maps (Dubai, Doha, Riyadh) and dynamic analysis for vortex shedding on slender towers. Glass selection (laminated, heat-strengthened, IGUs) determines dead loads and glass stress limits; heavier laminated units necessitate stronger aluminium mullions and larger anchor embedments. Building drift and interstory displacement drive the need for movement-accommodating connections—slotted anchors, sliding clips and breakaway pressure plates—to prevent three-sided adhesion of sealants and glass overstress. Thermal expansion in hot climates must be allowed by oversized anchor tolerances and thermal breaks in aluminium extrusions to avoid frame buckling. In seismic regions of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan), design must incorporate cyclic displacement capacity, tested anchors, and secondary retention systems to prevent panel ejection. Deflection limits must preserve glazing integrity and occupant perception; limit serviceability deflection per code to avoid glass cracking. Interface detailing between the primary structure and metal curtain wall (concrete slab, steel frame) should specify embedment lengths, movement ranges and load paths, validated by finite element models for bespoke spans. Insist on factory and site testing to confirm as-built performance and safe installation margins.