How do thermal bridging and condensation risks get mitigated in a typical glass curtain wall system?

Mitigating thermal bridging and condensation in a glass curtain wall system involves careful detailing of metal framing, glazing edge systems, and internal climate control assumptions. Aluminum, widely used for curtain wall frames, is highly conductive; therefore continuous thermal breaks—polyamide or reinforced fiberglass isolators—are mandatory to interrupt heat flow between interior and exterior faces. Combine thermal breaks with insulated spandrel panels and high-performance IGUs employing warm-edge spacers to reduce edge heat loss.

Perform dew-point and hygrothermal analysis for the entire assembly using localized climate data for target markets—Gulf cities (Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Doha) and Central Asian locations (Almaty, Tashkent). These simulations reveal condensation risk points and inform decisions like increasing cavity insulating gas (argon), using low-e coatings, or raising interior surface temperatures by modifying interior finish and HVAC setpoints.

Detailing is critical: avoid metal-to-metal thermal bridges at transoms, mullion splice points, and anchorage nodes. Use thermal break couplers and thermally insulated anchors where the curtain wall interfaces with the structure. Ensure continuous interior vapor control layers and design cavity ventilation or desiccant spacers where necessary to manage moisture in insulating cavities.

Construction quality affects risk: ensure correct sealant application, properly compressed gaskets, and clean, dry substrate during installation. Include commissioning checks for interior surface temperatures and inspect for early condensation after HVAC commissioning. Maintenance protocols should include periodic inspection of gasket integrity and replacement cycles for sealants to maintain thermal performance over the façade lifecycle.